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Many natural phenomena that occur on the Earth's surface due to processes occurring in the upper mantle of the Earth. The most interesting and significant are listed below.
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Continental Drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other.
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Plate Tectonics describe the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere.
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Crustal and Deep Earthquakes are the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust and upper mantle that creates seismic waves.
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Recent volcanic activity in many regions of the Earth due to underlying processes in the Earth's upper mantle.
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Deep Heat Flow due to thermodynamic processes in the Earth's mantle.
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Isostasy is a term used in geology to refer to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density.
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Spatial Positioning Main Metallogenic Provinces of the Earth is largely due to underlying processes in the upper mantle.
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Spatial location of the Largest Oil-and-Gas Provinces of the Earth is also largely due to underlying processes in the upper mantle.
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