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Currently, there are several sources of information about the material composition of the upper mantle of the Earth.
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Ophiolite Ophiolite Belts of the Earth are the sections of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted or emplaced to be exposed within continental crustal rocks.
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Ocean-floor Dredging and Drilling - the technology of extraction of rocks, of which piled up the bottom of the ocean.
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Recent Volcanism - the source of the substance, which is composed of the modern upper mantle of Earth.
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Paleovolcanism the source of the substance, which was composed of the upper mantle of the Earth at the time of eruption.
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